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Panna National
Park, Tiger Reserve, India,
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Panna is situated in the Vindhyan Range and spreads over Panna and
Chhatarpur districts in the northern part of the Madhya Pradesh (M.P.)
State of India.
One of the most significant ecological aspects of the Reserve is that the
district Panna makes the northern most boundary of natural distribution of
teak and the eastern limits of teak-kardhai mixed forests.
The Ken river, which flows through the Reserve from south to north, is the
home for long snouted crocodile (gharial) and Marsh Crocodile (maggar) and
other aquatic fauna. It is one of the sixteen perennial rivers of M.P. and
is truly the life-line of the Reserve. It offers some of the most
spectacular scenery while it meanders for about 55 km. through the
Reserve.
The terrain of the Reserve is characterised by extensive plateaus and
gorges. The topography in the Panna district part of the Reserve can
broadly be divided into three distinct tablelands - the upper Talgaon
Plateau, the middle Hinouta Plateau and the Ken valley while there are
series of undulating hills and plateaus on the other side of Ken river in
the Chhatarpur district.
The Reserve's most undisturbed habitat of about 70-80 sq. km. lies on the
Hinouta plateau. This is due to relocation of three villages from this
area in 1980s. Dry and short grass habitat with open woodland is quite
extensive. It supports Blue Bull (nilgai) and chinkara. The areas with
tall grasses associated with woodland, support good densities of sambar
and chital. Mesic areas are distributed along the major seasonal streams
and in the Ken river valley. Steep slopes of plateaus are drier and are
dominated by Acacia catachu. Distribution of these habitats creates a
heterogeneous landscape, where ecological conditions vary seasonally.
Panna Tiger Reserve is most important PA in the north-central highlands of
India, as it links the eastern and western populations of wild animals
through the NE-SW running Vindhyan ranges.
Panna National Reserve was created in 1981. It was declared a Project
Tiger Reserve in 1994, 22nd in the country and fifth in the state. The
National Reserve consists of areas from the former Gangau Wildlife
Sanctuary created in 1975. This sanctuary comprised of territorial forests
of the present North Panna Forest Division to which a portion of the
adjoining Chhatarpur Forest Division was added later. The reserved forests
of the Reserve in Panna district and some protected forests on Chhatarpur
district were the hunting preserves of the erstwhile rulers of Panna,
Chhatarpur and Bijawar princely states.
The Reserve is dotted with ancient rock paintings, which are believed to
be around two thousand years old. Old relics of Gondwana period (rule of
the tribal people of Central India) are scattered all over the Reserve.
Forest Type : Southern tropical dry deciduous dry teak, Northern tropical
dry deciduous mixed forest, Dry deciduous scrub forest, Boswellia forest,
Dry bamboo brakes, Anogeissus pendula forest.
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